Pain Management Through Cannabis

Chronic and acute pain may differ in our perception of their intensity and duration, yet both can disrupt our quality of life. Coping with migraines, sore muscles, or recovering from a sports injury each require a different approach to healing based on their unique pathology.

When consumed therapeutically, cannabis has the potential to affect our perception of pain, as well as modulate the physical response, such as inflammation. The method of consumption plays a significant role in efficacy and should be considered alongside the composition or potency of any cannabis products.

The three main methods of consumption include inhalation, ingestion and topical application. Each have unique merit and in turn may affect your pain management in unique ways. Selecting the right method of consumption for your needs can be based on a few factors including onset time, duration of relief sought, and the site of pain (localized or systemic). 

Inhaled forms of cannabis include vaporization and combustion. Inhaled cannabis delivers fast onset relief (effects felt within minutes, if not instantly). Vaporizing cannabis is recommended for therapeutic consumption as it reduces the amount of inhaled particulates and potentially carcinogenic compounds associated with smoking. This method of consumption may be most applicable to cerebral pain associated with headaches and migraine, or when immediate relief is sought from a sudden injury or flare up.

Ingested cannabis in the form of concentrated oils, tinctures, edibles, beverages, and even suppositories deliver sustained relief, often peaking 2-4 hours after ingestion. This can be especially effective for overnight relief when consumed as part of your bedtime routine. Cannabinoids are absorbed through the stomach and liver, producing metabolites that activate receptor sites through-out the body and brain. This method may provide the best relief for musculoskeletal pain such as arthritis, overuse injuries, or for women experiencing painful periods and conditions such as endometriosis.

For many, topical application is the most approachable method as it is non-intoxicating and delivers relief to the specific site of injury or pain. This can be in the form of lotions, creams, balms, oils, and body care. This form of consumption pairs well with self-care practices such as massage, a hot bath, or a restorative movement practice. As topicals address localized pain they are well suited for strained muscles, sunburns, or to relax your nervous system when paired with therapeutic touch such as acupressure.

Many of us seek relief from pain in order to resume daily activities without limitations. Given this motivation, the non-intoxicating compound CBD (cannabidiol) is often preferred regardless of consumption method. In contrast, THC (tetrahydrocannabinol) may provide varying levels of intoxication or psychoactive response depending on the amount consumed and one’s tolerance.

If effective relief is the ultimate outcome, a spectrum of cannabinoids including THC and CBD can be more effective than isolated compounds. For those looking to minimize or avoid intoxication, an amount of THC imperceptible to us on a psychological level may still benefit us at a cellular level. Look for blended formulations, whole plant extracts, and be aware that products made with CBD isolates may not be as effective.

Pain is one of the most common reasons for therapeutic cannabis consumption. Whether it’s a result of an injury or disease, many of us are inclined to explore recreational cannabis products before embarking on a referral for medical cannabis. If you have a pre-existing condition, or prescription medications there may be contraindications with cannabis and it’s best to seek the advice of your medical practitioner before consuming.

With the appropriate method of consumption and formulation, consuming cannabis for pain management can allow us to experience deeper rest and recovery. With more agency over our physical wellbeing, comes a greater sense of freedom in our day to day living.

[This content was first published in Maple Magazine. Annual subscriptions via The Naturalist Publishing.]